There was corrupt competition between gentile printing companies that printed Jewish books which were in high demand, and the competitors attempted to getting each other into legal trouble. Due to their claims that the Talmud was heretical, Italy decreed that all copies of the Talmud had to be burned. Jewish homes were searched, and copies of the Talmud as well as other sefarim were collected and burned, and there were two huge public burnings in Rome and Venice.